{"id":3626,"date":"2021-05-31T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahligizi.id\/blog\/?p=3626"},"modified":"2021-05-27T15:30:42","modified_gmt":"2021-05-27T08:30:42","slug":"dapatkah-rokok-meningkatkan-tekanan-darah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahligizi.id\/blog\/2021\/05\/31\/dapatkah-rokok-meningkatkan-tekanan-darah\/","title":{"rendered":"Dapatkah Rokok Meningkatkan Tekanan Darah?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tanggal 31 Mei diperingati sebagai Hari Tanpa Tembakau Sedunia. Rokok diketahui berpengaruh pada tekanan darah. Bagaimana penjelasannya? Mari kita simak pada artikel berikut =)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kandungan Rokok<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rokok menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No. 109 tahun 2012 tentang Pengamanan Bahan yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif berupa Produk Tembakau bagi Kesehatan, adalah salah satu produk tembakau yang dimaksudkan untuk dibakar dan dihisap dan\/atau dihirup asapnya, termasuk rokok kretek, rokok putih, cerutu atau bentuk lainnya<\/strong>.\u200b1\u200b<\/sup><\/span> Jumlah radikal bebas dalam satu hembusan asap rokok dapat mencapai 1017 partikel. Asap rokok mengandung lebih dari 4000 bahan yaitu nikotin, ammonia, akrolein, fenol, asetaldehida, hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik, polifenol, karbon monoksida, nitrogen oksida, hidrogen sianida, dan logam.<\/span><\/strong>\u200b2\u200b<\/sup><\/span> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Secara konvensional, asap rokok dibagi menjadi dua fase, yaitu fase gas dan tar. Fase tar asap rokok mengandung 1017 radikal bebas\/g, dan fase gas mengandung 1015 radikal bebas\/hembusan<\/span><\/strong>. Radikal yang berhubungan dengan fase tar berumur panjang, sedangkan radikal yang berhubungan dengan fase gas berumur lebih pendek. Asap rokok utama terdiri dari 8% komponen tar dan 92% komponen gas. Lingkungan asap rokok dihasilkan dari kombinasi 85% asap arus samping dan 15% asap utama yang dihembuskan dari perokok.\u200b3\u200b<\/sup><\/span> Karena rokok dibakar pada suhu tinggi selama inhalasi, pembakaran menjadi lebih lengkap dan beberapa komponen beracun dari asap tembakau dipecah atau disaring sebelum inhalasi. Akibatnya banyak konstituen beracun seperti karbon monoksida dan benzopirena yang ditemukan dalam konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi pada asap arus samping yang terhirup.<\/span><\/strong>\u200b4\u200b<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asap rokok dapat menurunkan aktivitas dari enzim superoksida dismutase (SOD), katalase (CAT), glutation peroksidase (GPx) dan glutation reduktase (GR) sehingga kesimbangan oksidan dan antioksidanperokok menjadi terganggu.<\/span><\/strong> Keadaan ketidakseimbangan antara jumlah molekul radikal bebas dan antioksidan, dimana radikal bebas jumlahnya lebih besar daripada antioksidan disebut dengan keadaan stres oksidatif.\u200b5\u200b<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baca Artikel : Pengaruh Rokok Terhadap Nafsu Makan<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rokok dan Tekanan Darah<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kebiasaan merokok menyebabkan terjadinya hipertensi karena rokok mengandung nikotin dan karbon monoksida. <\/span><\/strong>Nikotin yang ada dalam rokok menyebabkan adanya rangsangan terhadap hormone epinefrin (adrenalin) yang memacu peningkatan frekuensi denyut jantung, kebutuhan O2<\/sub> pada jantung, tekanan darah, serta menyebabkan gangguan irama jantung. Namun, pada saat yang bersamaan hal itu menyebabkan elastisitas arteri berkurang karena berkontraksi terus. Sehingga, jantung memompa lebih banyak tetapi asupan darah yang didapat berkurang. Gas karbon monoksida menyebabkan O2<\/sub> ke jaringan berkurang sehingga sel kekurangan O2<\/sub>. Hal ini terjadi karena karbon monoksida terdapat dalam sel darah merah lebih kuat dibanding O2<\/sub>. Apabila terjadi berlangsung lama dan terus menerus maka pembuluh darah akan sangat mudah mengalami kerusakan sehingga terjadi aterosklerosis (penyempitan pembuluh darah). Merokok menyebabkan aktivasi simpatetik, stress oksidatif, dan efek vasopressor akut yang meningkatkan marker inflamasi yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi.<\/span><\/strong>\u200b6\u200b<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Merokok setiap batang perhari meningkatkan tekanan sistolik 10 \u2013 25 mmHg dan menaikkan detak jantung 5 \u2013 20 kali per menit.<\/span><\/strong> Hal ini dibuktikan oleh penelitian Heart Survet for England <\/em>yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan 2 mmHg tekanan darah sistolik terhadap kelompok perokok dan bukan perokok yang diukur pada usia diatas 16 tahun.<\/span><\/strong>\u200b7\u200b<\/sup><\/span> Hasil penelitian di Minahasa Utara menunjukkan perokok berisiko 4.362 kali lebih besar mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan dengan orang yang tidak merokok.\u200b8\u200b<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lebih Lanjut : Tips Pencegahan Tekanan Darah Tinggi (Hipertensi)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referensi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Tanggal 31 Mei diperingati sebagai Hari Tanpa Tembakau Sedunia. Rokok diketahui berpengaruh pada tekanan darah. Bagaimana penjelasannya? Mari kita simak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":3630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":"","_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[]},"categories":[1],"tags":[308,309],"class_list":["post-3626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-rokok","tag-tekanan-darah"],"yoast_head":"\nDapatkah Rokok Meningkatkan Tekanan Darah? - Blog AhliGiziID<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tanggal 31 Mei diperingati sebagai Hari Tanpa Tembakau Sedunia. Rokok diketahui berpengaruh pada tekanan darah. 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